Toyota Motor Europe (TME) is the regional headquarter for the European branch of Toyota, Hein Vandenabeele, Security Engineer shares how they unified and standardized their European security network onto the Palo Alto Networks Security Operating Platform.
The problem with signature based security tools is you are vulnerable until the signature is released and distributed. Palo Alto Networks takes a different approach with Traps, so Network World Editor in Chief John Dix tracked down Palo Alto VP of Product Marketing Scott Gainey for an inside look at how Traps works. You recently unveiled a new endpoint protection product called Traps. Tell us what that’s about. If I’m outside of my corporate network operating on an unsecured Wi-Fi network my system is at risk. A simple drive-by-download of embedded malicious content in, say, an iFrame could easily bypass existing anti-virus software, leaving nothing that could protect me from being infected. This is one of many examples that leave endpoints vulnerable.
So a complete security architecture has to be able to protect its users regardless of where they may be working, whether they’re on-network or off-network, and that’s one use case that led us down this path of investing in endpoint protection. Palo Alto Networks VP of Product Marketing Scott Gainey Another one is that we see a lot of highly targeted attacks that are utilizing a threat that’s never been seen before and has been designed in such a way that it’s able to evade detection at the network security level. It could be based on a new zero-day vulnerability the attacker will use against a high-value target.
Because this is based on an unknown vulnerability it’s missed by IPS/IDS. Our approach is effective at learning from these new attacks and routing new defenses back to the infrastructure so if that type of threat is used again it will be blocked. But if the attacker only uses it once then other areas of defense must kick in to protect an organization. So those use cases are why we made the investment in Cyvera, and the release of Traps is our first official release of this technology and includes some integration into WildFire, which is our sandboxing technology.
The classic endpoint protection companies that offer antivirus-based protection rely on signatures for defense, which requires prior knowledge of the threat in order to block it. So these vendors have large teams of people who are constantly churning out signatures based on new threats they observe in the wild. The challenge we saw with that approach is you’re always several steps behind the attacker community. There’s literally millions of forms of new malware that get generated each year. On a daily basis we see an average of over 20,000 new forms of malware. So companies with AV-based solutions have to build signatures against all of those new forms, then distribute those signatures out to all the endpoints. It’s an impossible situation to stay on top of.
Similarly, technologies like discreet intrusion prevention or intrusion detection systems require prior knowledge to protect against vulnerabilities. So if it’s an unknown zero-day based vulnerability, IPS or IDS isn’t as effective. It can only block what it knows. So when we were looking at making an investment we spent a lot of time in our due diligence looking at the approaches that others use. There are a lot of companies jockeying for the space, knowing the traditional approaches are ineffective. And we saw two common approaches we didn’t like as far as the new technology goes.
The first was container-based tools that are basically designed to wrap a protective barrier around processes so if the process turns out to be malicious in nature the container detects it and shuts it down. But a lot of attackers have figured out how to disable those containers, and they impose a significant amount of resource overhead. So from an efficacy and operational perspective it wasn’t a very viable option. Then the other approach that concerned us was tools focused on post-attack detection or remediation.
You would deploy those to try and identify and isolate systems that were affected and then begin the cleanup process. If people are investing in that as their answer to highly targeted attacks, then they’re effectively waving a white flag, saying I can’t prevent these attacks so I might as well invest money in trying to at least detect them quickly. We vehemently disagree with that premise. We do think that attacks, no matter how sophisticated, can be prevented.
There is no silver bullet in this battle but network security will absolutely continue to play a big role in preventing attacks. But there are some holes that you have to shore up and that’s why we brought Traps to market. Traps is a technology that, thus far, with the trials that we’ve done with different customers, has proven to be 100% effective against even the most highly targeted, zero-day based attacks. How does it work?
What we liked about the technology is it’s not focused on the individual threat. Traps really doesn’t care whether it’s known or unknown malware. Traps doesn’t really care about the vulnerability itself.
What Traps focuses on is the underlying techniques that an attacker must execute in order to exploit a vulnerability on an endpoint. Let’s say an attacker found some sort of weakness in a piece of software and intended to use that to exploit the system. The attacker would have to go through a series of well-defined steps to make that happen. It may be three steps, it may be five steps.
It depends on the nature of the exploit, but they would have to go through a sequence of steps. With Traps, what we’ve done is built a series blocks against each and every one of those available techniques so the second an attacker tries to employ one they run into a block and their attack is thwarted and the process is shut down.
Today there are around two dozen techniques at an attackers disposal. So let’s say there was a weakness in an Adobe PDF file and someone has initiated an exploit to try and take advantage of that weakness. As they go through the steps of that exploit, they would run into one of our exploit prevention modules within Traps and, as soon as they do, our product will shut down that process and alert the user that an attack was prevented and then also alert the admin. Then we collect a package of forensics, including memory state, etc., and provide it to the admin so they know the details of the attack, what user they were going after, what file they were using, etc. And it is client based?
Traps is a very thin client that lives on the endpoint itself. One of our criteria was this couldn’t be some big, heavy, resource-intensive type of technology. It literally consumes only 5MB of memory and about a tenth of one percent on average of CPU utilization. And it basically sits on that endpoint and anytime a new process is opened we inject what we call prevention modules into that process. So the second an attacker tries to utilize one of these known techniques they will run into one of our prevention modules and the attack is prevented. How can you possibly account for all the different approaches that a vulnerability exploit would attempt? Right now there are a total of 24 techniques that attackers have at their disposal to try and exploit a system, so we have that covered.
These techniques are pretty hard science. It’s rare if you see two or three new techniques emerge within a year’s period of time. In fact, in the release that we announced we added three new prevention modules against three new techniques that emerged and those are the first techniques that we’ve seen in two years.
The vast majority of the techniques come out of academia. Someone in academia will be studying different processes, then publish a paper and attackers get a hold of that and, voila, they’ve got a new technique at their disposal. So we’ve been working very closely with academia to make sure that, as these things are being researched, we’re also building prevention modules against them so that when they publish their paper we also have modules built against those new techniques. I suspect it will probably be another eight to twelve months or so before we see another one of these techniques emerge. They don’t happen that often.
I presume the tool is operating system dependent. We support Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 8 on the workstation side, and on the server side it’s Windows Server 2003, 2008 and 2012. It sits well below the application stack so it’s independent of the applications themselves.
So we support any kind of application that works on top of a Microsoft Windows environment. In fact, I was talking to an oil and gas company and, while the prevention characteristics of this are very enticing, this guy was excited about the fact we support XP because he had tens of thousands of systems that were still running Windows XP and Microsoft isn’t patching XP anymore. So he was looking at this as a way to extend the lifespan of his Windows XP systems, which is a nice aftereffect. We’re seeing Windows in ATMs, point-of-sale systems, etc. So that’s the exploit side, what about malware-based attacks?
On the malware side it works similar, only we’ve added a couple of other steps. When it comes to malware-based attacks the process is slightly different. Malware of course doesn’t require a vulnerability exploit in order to run on an endpoint. Often it’s our employees who initiate this process by opening a malicious file attachment in email, clicking on a link that takes that person to a malicious URL or domain, downloading a malicious file from a USB stick, etc. Traps malware prevention is accomplished in three steps. First, Traps allows admins to create a series of policies on the endpoint that significantly limits the risk of employees inadvertently downloading malware. These are simple policies like – do not allow a user to execute a.exe file sent over email, or from a removable storage device.
By establishing the correct policies up front an organizations can reduce the options available for an attacker to get malware to an endpoint. Second, Traps integrates with WildFire to provide an immediate vehicle to verify whether a file is known to be malicious. Every day WildFire inspects millions of files for new forms of malware. This intelligence is made available to Traps so it can verify whether a particular executable is malicious before allowing it to run on an endpoint. And finally, Traps utilizes malware prevention modules on the endpoint to ensure that the malware never executes.
Are competitors doing anything similar? The only other company who’s kind of taken this approach is Microsoft themselves. There’s a project that Microsoft had been playing with called EMET and they’re the only ones really today that are focused on a technique-based approach. Microsoft has chosen not to productize EMET, but it’s kind of a skunksworks project, if you will. So really only us and Microsoft are the two that are looking at this from a techniques basis.
And the EMET project only supports seven exploit techniques today. What percentage of the problem do you think this addresses? After all, there’s environments other than Windows and there’s the whole mobility threat. How do you add that up? Today Traps is focused on Windows-based support which constitutes the majority of endpoints.
We plan to expand support in the future based on customer needs. How do you sell this? It is sold as a subscription service. So you can buy Traps as a one, three or five-year subscription and, as I mentioned, there is a thin client you have to deploy. It can be deployed through a company’s standard distribution software.
So a per-device fee? Right now we have two price points, one for workstation and one for server. Then it’s on a tiered structure, with different price bands depending on the total number of deployed endpoints. One more thing I want to mention. You’ll see us referring to Advanced Endpoint Protection, which we’re defining differently than how others might define endpoint protection today. Many definitions largely align with classic anti-virus capabilities. We think to qualify as an Advanced Endpoint Protection solution you have to be able to block all exploits, whether they’re known or unknown.
You have to be able to block all malware, both known and unknown. Forensics remains crucial because there’s knowledge and insight that can be gained to protect the rest of the organization. It has to be very scalable and lightweight. If you’re deploying hundreds of thousands of these clients across endpoints as small as a point-of-sale system, this can’t be a big memory and CPU hog. And finally, it has to be integrated with the cloud and the network. These worlds are going to collide in a very big way. If you can link the network with the endpoint and the endpoint with the network, there is a tremendous advantage across both fronts when it comes to ultimately bolstering security efficacy.
![Empower Empower](/uploads/1/2/5/3/125394237/336465575.png)
They’re going to see things inherently the others can’t see, and if you can bring that together in terms of some type of sharing relationship, then everything becomes strong together.
S Management. This is done using the GUI as this is the most flexible and versatile. The main person Nir Zuk is a GUI guy so all the R&D goes into the GUI. I wouldn't bother with the CLI other than to set up the IP. You can see above that access to the management IP can be limited to SSH for example and Telnet can be denied. You can't block the Console.
GUI access is You can access specific reports using s This is the result of the /API. It is basically a 'help' file. If you click on the parts it will give you the correct command to add to the URL. S For example. API Reports predefined threat-trend This will generate an XML with the data for you, which you can then use in another item.
S so next to the Tasks you have languages. The ones supported are.
Chinese traditional Chinese simplified. English French Japanese Spanish. Changing languages doesn't require a commit.
The tasks tab is good for telling if a commit ran, is done and success. The Help is context sensitive and opens up an HTML.
This is the sub-item and how to edit something that is marked in blue. The device will offer you some GUI prompts. Like when you hover over a yellow line it will tell you the field is required. The ACC in the GUI.
ACC stands for Application Command Center. This will be the main screen you spend your time on trying to see patterns and getting added value from the Palo Alto. It's the second MAIN tab. ACC So what you see is the 'current' threat level. Being 3.6 this will show if your firewall is experiencing an attack. The second this is you can select the Data range dynamically so past hour, past day, past month etc Then you can arrange it by sessions, bytes, threats and how many to see, like top 25.
The items in the report are blue so you can click on them. Then the report will filter based on the item you clicked.
In Device - setup - operations you can run some operations. For example you can save the running config. You can load a backup of a config. You can validate the config will work before committing it.
So let's say you want to import a config. Then you load a config to the candidate config. Then you COMMIT it in order to see what you have done or what changes someone else has done you can compare configs. Device - config audit. In this example I simply changed the banner. So you will be able to see WHICH user made the change and when. This helps when you want to troubleshoot which admin crashed the firewall or decided to block management's youtube privileges.
3 So Device - Licenses will easily show you when your licenses started and when they expire. Device - Support will show you the support level you have, allow you to open a ticket and generate A 'tech support file' which you can send to Palo Alto support.
Upgrading the Palo Alto. S TAP mode is what I have. The TAP is used to see traffic but can't block any traffic.
VWIRE this will be a bump in the wire and will not require an IP. Layer 3 must have an IP for the firewall, allows the firewall to set up VPNs. You can mix and match interfaces on the firewall.
So the firewall can be used for a few parts of the network. Zone - Systems with similar security requirements are grouped into zones.
Example: Zone - LAN zone - DMZ zone - Exchange Web servers Zone - Exchange backend servers. Policy rules are rules from ZONE to ZONE2 At the bottom are two implicit rules By default a firewall will block any traffic from a zone to another zone. By default all traffic from a zone to another device in the same zone will be allowed. So far so good. If a packet hits the implicit rule it won't generate a log entry. Palo alto recommends not putting an EXPLICIT Deny all at the end as that will take precedence and will not allow traffic to go from devices in the same zone to other ones in the same zone.
Configuring the interfaces. TAP interface. So I fixed it. Now if I move down there is a TAB for IPv4 where I put my IP.
If I want to match my subinterfaces diagram. I will create a layer 3 interface Then create two subinterfaces.
200 tag 200 192.168.1.1 1/16.100 tag 100 10.0.0.1 Alright, You can create subinterfaces that are Virtual Wires. I didn't get this part, so i will skip it. This is done in order to create many IPs to the same firewall. IP 1 192.168.32.1/32 will be the IP for people to go to the Globalprotect VPN IP 2 192.168.64.1/32 will be the IP for the IPSEC tunnels to join. So Network Interfaces Loopback then add an interface then add a name a subinterface and give it an IP.
Now the device will respond to this. This must be a /32 IP. Now, let's set up a tunnel. A VPN tunnel will give you a secure tunnel from the firewall to another firewall. So, Network interfaces tunnel tab New Tunnel Now fill in the tunnel number.20 Give it an IP.
The name is fixed and will be tunnel.20 Aggregate So, if you have an interface that is 1G and you are using it all the time. Then you can bundle You take two interfaces. For some reason they have a ADD aggregate group at the bottom of the Network interfaces ethernet add aggregate group. So first you create the aggregate and select if it is a layer 2, layer 3, vWire Then you add the interfaces to the group.
You will have to do the same on the switch at the LAN to match my diagram. As a best practice on the vWIRE it is recommended to set up two separate vWIREs instead of aggregating them as then the loadbalancing is based on the AE algorithm instead of simple sending on both. Security Zones Each interface can only belong to ONE security zones. Don't mix and match interfaces in a security zone. Types TAP: Virtual Wire: Layer 2: Layer 3: External. External is used to move traffic from VSYS one to VSYS 2.
Must have vsys enabled and compatible firewall. Here you can see the zones being used in the policies. Remember if you create ANY ANY deny will stop your intrazone traffic being moved. Now you can also set up the ANY ANY deny and set up a zoneA to zoneA allow.
It's up to you. S s LAYER 3 configuration. Sorry about all the random s you might see, they are used in order to be able to paste images and move them. A 'workaround'.
So, all layer 3 interface share the same routing table. Each layer 3 interface has a management profile.
The management profile would allow you to log in to the firewall. So if you ping a layer 3 interface, that interface won't work and will drop it. A management profile will allow you to select. Which IP can be the source address One management profile per interface. So You have a firewall. The firewall has a few IP addresses. Now if you remember Cisco when you type PING then select extended it allows you to pick the IP address of the sender.
So same here. Device setup services.
Now I can use management interface or I can setup my outgoing interface as a different one. I can also go granular and set up range X to go with interface X and range Y to go with interface Y. The management can go get the updates using the management network switches. Etc So now we can limit which IPs can PING the firewall.
In this case limited the range. The firewall can work as a DHCP so you can use it at remote locations. To ONE IP In my experience. Dynamic IP/port or PAT is almost always used. Static allows you to map a server to a single IP. No NAT can be done, this turns off nat.
Not sure where you would use this in real life. Destination NAT static is one to one so you can look at it as a destination one. Port Forwarding Public: 80 web:80 Public port 81 web2:80 Public port 82 web3:80 For configuration they decides to put the NAT in policies. So Policies NAT you have an ADD clone, enable,disable move up and down. So on the interface pick the IPv6 tab. Put the IP and you are all set. You can set up a Dual stack by enabling IPv6 and IPv4 Palo Alto updates can only be gotten using IPv4.
APP-ID s So, a packet arrives. The first check is if is is allowed on the interface. The second one is if the port will be allowed.
Up to now, there is no DATA coming in. So a session is set. Now, the data will flow, this is the part where Palo Alto looks at the Application to see the signature of the data, if it matches, then it will use the APP-ID to mark that application.
Then it will apply a security rule based on the APP-ID. So for example a bittorrent comes in on port 25. A normal firewall will think this is mail smtp and let it in. Palo alto will allow the port, create the session.
Then APP-ID will match the data to the signature Bittorrent and label it as such. Now if I have a rule saying, if bittorrent traffic then drop.
Then it will drop it. URL filtering vs APP-ID. URL filtering has nothing to do with APP-ID. URL filtering simply filters sites based on categories.
It is also limited to HTTP and HTTPS APP-ID structure. Protocol Decoder - looks within a protocol to find another protocol = gmail - chat Application signature - looks at layer 7 signatures Protocol decryption - opens up SSH and SSL. Heuristics - tries to guess at patterns. A protocol decoder opens up a protocol within a protocol at the end it will then apply the application signature. So Policy Rule source zone and ips destination zone recognize the application using the APP-ID and allow it.There is no need to tell Palo Alto what to block since by default the last rule block any traffic that was not allowed.
For address obviously you can use. FQDN if you have a connection to DNS. IP netmask /range Dynamic allows you to filter it based on regions or countries. If you remember there was a big spam attack for a decade or two. In order to block it we would rely on websites that had lists of spammers. Rbl.org for example.
Palo Alto can reach out to a site and pull up block lists from it. In objects You have dynamic block lists. You can create many.
Then you can reference them in the policy for example to block spammers. URL category tries to match in the policy based on categories like Social media or sports.
Application dependancy. Obviously Gmail CHAT must have Http running in order to enable it. So if you want to allow Gmail CHAT You need to allow HTTP and allow Gmail CHAT. If you look at Objects applications The application will show you if it requires another by being cascaded under.
Also if you click on the application you have a line saying 'Depends on applications'. For some applications Palo Alto decided not to require you to add their parent. The applications will allow the parent to work so for example Facebook will allow the http to work however if the next packet is not facebook related it will be dropped. They call this implicit dependacy. Obviously if you want to you can change the default ports for applications.
Also you can force the application to work on the default port. For example Citibank app uses port 88 So If application equals Citibank AND Citibank.port equals 88 then allow. This helps prevent port hopping and spoofing. Security Profile. After the security rule has matched a rule and run an ALLOW. You can run MORE actions on that rule.
Anti-Virus scans Anti-spyware tries to catch spyware. Vulnerability - looks at flaws like exploits. URL filtering - requires a license. File block - will block file types data filter - will look at security numbers. You can manage them from the following location. In objects security profiles then set up different things.
For example I want to be alerted every time someone sends a zip file. Or everytime someone sends an army number or there is a specific name. For example if you are doing security for a celebrities attorney then everytime there is a packet with the word 'lindsay lohan' I want to get an alert so I can catch the secretary who is emailing her sobriety records etc. Managing policies. Here e can control the number of columns we see on the screen. You can mark rules and then clone or delete them. You can also drag and drop rules.
You can highlight unused rules. That might help you remove clutter. TAGS can be used they are purely an admin tool. You can set up application filters and groups. S Creating this on the firewall is very easy. In this example I created a Groupfilter.
2 groups Then I create a HRgroup and placed all three inside it. So the HRGroup is made from 2 static groups and one dynamic group filter.
Now I can reference the HRgroup in my policy which saves me time. In the POLICIES Security You can look at a rule then hover over the 'application' this will open a submenu and allow you to pick value which will show which groups are members of a group so you can drill down from this screen without having to go to objects. It is very neat and a group will cascade into another group if there is one nested and another so you can see the details.
There are response pages which can be changed. A response page is the page you get when you are being blocked. The website you are surfing to is blocked by corporate policy. In order to make changes you need to load an HTML page. Logging and seeing the results.
By default the AV will detect a virus in SMTP, POP and IMAP but will only alert you. The reason is that if it drops the connection, then SMTP will try re-sending it again. Now, this means you still need a system to protect your Email and quarantine that Email. Best practices is different levels between different areas.
DNS signatures allows you to get a list of DNS that have been compromised so if anyone is talking to them that means bad news. I forgot to add. The reason you need different levels is simply because when you minimize the scanning the performance of the traffic will go up. In theory this will block known attacks I haven't fully figured it out but the idea is it should be able to detect attacks that have signatures like overflows or dos. URL filtering using the security profile. Ss URL filtering requires a license and is a lot more granular. Also logged to the URL log which makes your life easier.
This also is not limited to the set categories and can be customized. WEB page response can be. Blocked put press here to continue and take into account we are now logging you.
Blocked, please enter a password to keep going. The Override is configured from the Device SETUPContent-ID Not sure how this works or who would use this. This is what I call a 'useless' feature. Alright, for the intersting stuff we get to do in IT.
This is the MONITOR tab where we have the logs. Like I said adding the URL filtering license will track the URLs of users when in TAP. You can use the filters on the right hand side. I filtered adult.
And I can see some delinquent surfers. Now, if you have the firewall connected to your LDAP, you will see the source user as the user that is logged on that PC, this might help if this is a shared PC. Anyway, it seems like we have one person who is researching swinging sites. I guess he likes dancing.
Now, in general most sites are harmless and I don't care. But a lot of them will install spy-ware etc. So I'll alert HR:). URL categories.
In general there needs to be a company that decides which website is sports or adult or similar. Back in my days people used Websense a lot. Palo Alto relied on BrightCloud. The advantage with it is it uses a disk database too. Then Palo Alto came up with their own database called PAN-DB. This is cloud only.
![Does Does](http://www.paloguard.com/images/PA-Series/PA-800/pa-820-440-150.jpg)
So you must have the firewall connected to the web. The decisions as to what is an adult category can be odd. This got labelled as an 'adult' material. I know coffee is only for adults, but I think we might be a little more progressive.
So in general I advocate letting people go to 'adult' sites but tracking them. Then at the same time letting people know they are being tracked. Another example.
This is a website with 'bikini' fitness models. Now, I am sure one person might consider this 'art' but if you are surfing to that site at work, I think we can guestimate the reason. Anyway, someone can still bypass your system by searching for images in a search engine. Or they can look at a 'cached' page in google so your engine thinks this is a google page. That is why I advocate leaving it open. Seeing the 'top users' have HR talk to them and scare them. Scare the rest by telling them they are being 'tracked'.
BrightCloud 5000 to 10000 in the data plane cache. Stores 1 million last URLS in Management plane. The local Disk file is updated once a day This disk file is the difference between PA-DB and the BrighCloud.
Continue option. Sometimes you go to a website. You are surfing but the website is busy downloading a file in the background. So in this case you will get a prompt saying. By the way, there is file downloading do you want to get it??? I was a little ususre there. Then if you click yes it will download it.
WildFire I don't get the relation but let's have a look. So a file arrives on the firewall.
The file has an extension of.exe or.dll The file is sent to the WildFire cloud. The cloud runs it and looks to see what does it do.
If the file does anything like the items above, you will get an alert and the file will be blocked, it will also generate a signature for that file and ship it to all the firewalls around the world. So I guess you can call it sort of a honey pot. The file thinks he is in.
The file acts. You log what the firewall does, who it contacts.
Then you create signatures, block those DNS domains etc. So in the Monitor logs wildfire you can see successful detection. In the Device dynamic updates you can set up the schedule. In this case I am updating the signature database every 30 minutes. When you get the subscription you get access So you can send files to WildFire and have them checked using an API. This allows you to upload samples and run queries on files to get a report.
So let's see. Device setup wildfire Allows you to select which wildfire server to send it to. In the new PA you can have your own WildFire. The maximum file size is 2MB anything bigger won't be sent. So now you know, if you have a zero day attack, just send a file that is 2.1MB.;)). Session information will allow you to pick which information to send with the file.
Wildfire Dashboard. Https: // wildfire.
Paloalto.com you must have a support account in order to submit files. The order one was uploaded to the WildFire. And the EXE called spotify was forwarded since it was safe. I will have to have a chat with the user though since installing spotify takes bandwidth and is only allowed at manager level. S How to apply security profiles. You create a policy that matches a specific set of traffic. You must make the action on that policy as allow.
Then you have the Profile in it you specify which security profiles will run on that traffic. Instead of selecting each time the items I want like the AV profile so and so and the URL filtering so and so. You can create a Security Profile GROUP. OBJECTS security profile groups. ADD As you can see I can select what I want.
DSRI Is an option you can select at the policy. This prevents returning data from being checked. This lowers the demand on the firewall but can lead to a botnet not being detected connetcting to a C&C ZONE protection - DDoS. This protects against DDoS. This is configured in the NETWORK profiles. Basically you configure a number. If the number goes above the value then you will get an alert.
S s SSL decryption. So the reason we need this is that SSL is a secure communication.
The firewall will unpack the SSL/SSH look at the contct and re-encrypt it when it is going out the interfaces. Both SSH and SSL decrypt are disabledby default.
SSL asymetric key pair. Then symmetric for the bulk data.
SSL Request SSL The Server sends you a certificate. You make up a key 'key1999' encrypt it with the certificate that you got. Send this to the server and since the server has the certificate he can decrypt the message and extract the shared key 'key1999'. I'll assume you know what a PKI is. So this is a referesher and not that deep. Two people have the same key. You encrypt and send The other person opens it and reads it.Fast.
but we both must have the same key Notice that the Public key is different from the Private key. This is done using some math The explanation is too long. So let's say this happens with Magic. You get two keys. One you put online for everyone to use The second only you have and it is the only way to read those messages they sent you. This is a slow method of exchanging data.
But you can use it to encrypt a codeword and then use that codeword as the key for the symmetric encryption. So Asymmetric is used to create a key for symmetric usage. Thanks to Steve Lamb [email protected] IT Pro Security Evangelist Microsoft Ltd. So, the client in the LAN connects to amazon HTTPS. The amazon server will send a certificate. The palo alto will take that certificate and create a self signed one. The client still got a certificate so it will encrypt to the firewall.
The firewall will take that out and re-encrypt it with the original real certificate. The firewall read the info in plain text but no one is the wiser. If the certificate is not trusted by the firewall default authorities. Then the firewall will issue an un-trusted cert, you can decide if you want to continue.
If you do, then the same thing happens. The firewall will again be able to read the material. As a side note the clients that use the firewall for outbound proxy like the above system must have the firewall on their 'trusted' certificate list on the browser, this helps them getting a note the site is untrusted. X86 palo alto user-idagent file UaDebug file s s Turn on debug Go to CLI debug user-id agent on debug debug user-id agent receive yes debug user-id agent off also look at the monitor logs system terminal servers.Citrix and Microsoft Terminal servers can run with many users on them. They will all use the same IP.
The only difference is that each user gets a different port. Since the port allocation is dynamic, the only way to map the users is to install an agent on those Servers.
The Agent will track the users based on the source port/IP XML-ID. Anything that tracks an IP to a user allows you to run scripts against the device Then forward that info to the firewall. Uses SSL/ TLS to send it. You can use keepalives or timeout after 10 minutes. To run this enable the 'Enable user-ID XML API' when setting up the agent.
This will allow the API to reach it. Agent listens on 5006 Agent talks to firewall using SSL. S s To see the actual dynamic mappings in place you need to use CLI. Show object dynamic ALL show object dynamic ID show object dynamic IP Global Protect better protection.
Offering connectivity. Info on the host information profile. This is an extension. So APP-ID for the applications CONTENT-ID for the insides USER-ID to correlate user info Host Profile can allow you to control the endpoints. Operating system Application patch levels Anti Malware versions Firewall version Disk encryption Data backup?? So a user connects to the Portal. The user will be able to download the AGENT.
Then the AGENT can connect to the portal and get the settings. When the AGENT connects the firewall will be able to tell if he is on the LAN or the WAN and based on that decide if he needs to set up IPSEC tunnel. In order to run this you need. Portal Gateway. Pre 4.1 they each needed their own IP and interface. Post 4.1 they can be on the same IP. If there are no hostchecks then you don't need GlobalProtect licenses.
If the same IP is used then you don't need globalprotect licenses. If you have many gateways configured then they need to be on VPN to each other. Also you only need ONE portal with a one portal license. If you have many gateways and one portal you need a portal license If you also have the HIP host checker then you need gateway licenses. You can use the Global protect to run your firewalls. The Portal will be the target and every new firewall you add will be configured to connect to the portal and get the configuration.
THis is called a Satellite. Okay, the Ticket works like this. The user clicks disable. You get a Request. Then you have to communicate the disable code to the user so he can disable it. Agent connects - optional manual.
Send HIP reports. Advanced View gives you the ability to troubleshoot and look at settings. Also allows logs. HIP objects are things you can look for. Every 60 minutes. Create the HIP objects on Panorama.
Custom Check can verify something like a registry or files. HIP profile contains many HIP objects. You can configure the gateway to send a notiofication that you have not apassed the test of the HIP Monitor logs system filter for globalprotect. High Availability. Active Passive Synchronize the connections. Certificates response pages Configuration. This will NOT by synchronized.
State-less connections Admin accounts HA configuration. PA-200 and VM support HA-lite. You can set up a backup path for heartbeats. Session owner can be the firewall that first got the packet or the firewall that is Active - primary. This device does the layer 7 APP-ID, Content ID threat scanning Also will do the traffic logs. Session setup - can be determined Layer 2 to 4 and NAT.
You can distribute using a hash or modulo. If the session owner and the session setup are in different firewalls the packets will move from firewall A to firewall B so you might need to schedule HA3, depending on the traffic. First packet = session owner would be the recommended for production. The other option of the Primary being responsible is used for troubleshooting to determine the path. Setup session on Modulo of source Hash of source and destination.
Primary device. HA active active.
Routing Seamless Addresses. Virtual Wire uses routing. You can set up VRRP You can set up ARP sharing virtual IP. Priority of the device.
0-255 0 is the one that will be elected.